If two or more primary authors have same surname, include the primary author’s initials in all text citations, even if the year of publication differs. (Although the suffix Jr. for S. Freeman is in the references, it is not included in the citation.)

The research studies of S. Freeman et al. (2019) and M. A. Freeman et al. (1985) concluded that …

One of several recent studies (S. Freeman et al., 2019) addressed the need for … However, an earlier study (M. A. Freeman et al., 1985) did not consider …