The author’s surname appears in running text, and the date appears in parentheses immediately after the author’s name. The author’s name and date can be included in the sentence in any place it makes sense.

An article by Gill (2015) addresses the issue of a rugged landscape.

If both the name of the author and the date are used in the text, a parenthetical citation is not necessary.

In his 2018 book, Rob Hammond reveals ways to survive business disruptions.

Within same paragraph, when the name of the author is part of the narrative, you do not need to repeat a citation as long as this source cannot be confused with others cited in the article. However, the name and year should be included in all parenthetical citations in which the author is not named in the sentence.

According to Hammond (2018), leadership employs every technique in the management toolbox. ... Hammond gives examples of businesses facing disruptions. ... The research also found significant differences between businesses (Hammond, 2018).